| radial loop | 桡箕 | 134 |
| radiation genetic drift | 辐射遗传学 | 1 |
| random genetic drift | 随面遗传漂变 | 101 |
| rapid inactivator | 快灭活者 | 111 |
| receptor disease | 受体病 | 74 |
| recessive inheritance | 隐性遗传 | |
| gene | 隐性基因 | 49 |
| reciprocal translocation | 相互易位 | 16 |
| recurrent risk | 再（复）发风险率 | 145,147 |
| regional assignment | 区域定位 | 103 |
| relaxation of selective pressure | 选择压力放松 | 95 |
| repetitive sequence | 重复顺序 | 41 |
| restriction | | 16 |
| endonuclease | 限制性内切酶 | 71 |
| site | 限制性切点 | 157 |
| fragment length polymorphism | 限制性片段长度多态性 | 158 |
| retinitis pigmentosa | 视网膜色素变性 | 58 |
| retinoblastoma | 视网膜母细胞瘤 | 168 |
| reunion | 重接，重连 | 14 |
| reverse genetics | 逆向遗传学，反向遗传学 | 108,130 |
| diagnosis | 逆向诊断 | 130 |
| RFLP | 限制性片段长度多态性 | 158 |
| ribose | 核糖 | 34 |
| ridge count | 嵴纹数 | 134 |
| ridge | 嵴纹 | 134 |
| ring chromosome | 环形（环状）染色体 | 15 |
| RNA splicing RNA | 剪接 | 36 |
| Robertsonian translcation | 罗氏易位 | 16 |
